Current Generating Back End of a Solar Heat Engine

Back End

Propellant is the substance that is heated in HS or the Burner so that when it enters the turbine chamber, it will have enough vapor pressure to move the turbine blades and cause the generator (Gen) to produce electricity.

The Back End has 5 circuits:
They are colored dark brown, light brown, light grey, light blue and purple.

Dark Brown Mode 1

Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched ON Through Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:

A. Water/Glycerol is pumped from the tank through Adj-V3, ADV, Adj- 4, Adj-5 over the Jacket Pump (JP) and back to the tank. The Jacket Pump (JP) is being cooled.

B. Nothing goes through input C of HTB3 or through ADV to the light blue jacket side of HCR-3.

C. Adj-V1 is turned on in both output directions and Adj-V2 turned on in both input directions. HCR-3 takes on the temperature at the output of Adj-V1.

Function:
1. Heat comes in, in an heat conductor through B-In from F-Out of the Front End or Y-Out of ICG1.

2. As the heat conductor is being compressed by Cmp-P3, a small part is directed through Adj-V1 to the Inner Jacket of heat conductor reservoir HCR-3. The rest is directed to the Heat Transfer Buffer (HTB3), where the heat is extracted and stored temporarily.

3. Output A of HTB3 and the output from the Inner Jacket of HCR-3 are directed through Adj-V2 and B-Out back to the input Y-In of ICG1 or F-In of the Front End.

Light Brown Mode 1
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched ON Through Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:

Function:
1. Once the content of HCR-3 has reached it's boiling point, it is released through the expansion valve Exp-3 into and around HTB3, where it collects the heat that came in through input A.

2. The heat is carried by the heat conductor from HCR-3 through Compression Pump (Cmp-4), V1 and on into HS, where the heat storage medium extracts the heat.

3. The heat conductor returns to HCR-3 through V2.

Light Grey Mode 1
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched ON Through Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
This circuit contains the propellant that is used to drive the Turbine (TB).
Function:
1. When the electronic controller senses that enough heat has been collected in HS, it turns off or turns down the Burner.

2. If the Burner is turned off, the turbine propellant travels through Dir-V1, Turbine (TB), Jacket Pump (JP), Dir-V2 and along Turbine Path (TBP2) back to HS, where it collects more heat again.

3. If the Burner is left on at low power, the propellant goes through B-V1, the Burner, Dir-V1, Turbine (TB), Jacket Pump (JP), Dir-V2 and back along Turbine Path (TBP2) to HS, where it collects more heat and continues on it's way again.

4. The propellant will loose pressure and temperature as it expands into the turbine space, therefore enough heat must be in HS to compensate for the fall in temperature and pressure or it passes by way of B-V1 through the burner, where more heat is added, before it reaches the turbine blades.

5. The Jacket Pump (JP) evacuates the turbine chamber faster than new propellant can enter. The result is a push pull action on the turbine blades by the in coming propellant and the pump JP .

Light Blue Mode 1
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched ON Through Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
1. In all operating modes, the pump WP continually pumps coolant around the Back End of the system so that there is always coolant flowing through the Jacket Pump (JP).

2. In this mode the path is from Water/Glycerol, Water Pump (WP), Adj-V3, ADV, Adj-4, Adj-5, jacket of JP and back to the Water/Glycerol container.

3. The coolant that flows around the jacket of JP causes the propellant that is flowing through it to loose pressure and shrink in volume at the said pump as the heat is extracted by the said coolant.

4. That means that the chamber of the Turbine (TB) can be evacuated faster than, if there was no jacket around the pump.

5. The extracted heat is first stored in the Water/Glycerol container.

6. That means that even though the Jacket Pump (JP) is using energy from the Burner that had been stored or new, it helps to reduce the amount of energy required to push and move the turbine blades.

Purple Mode 1
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched ON Through Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
1. When required, propellant passes through B-V1, the Burner and Dir-V1, before it reaches the Turbine (TB).

Dark Brown Mode 2
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
A. No external heat reaches the Back End through Cmp-P3.
Function:
None

Light Brown Mode 2
Circuit State For B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
1. Same as for Light Brown Mode 1, but with Water/Glycerol switched by ADV through the jacket of HCR-3 and through input C of HTB3.

2. Cmp-4 collects the heat supplied to HTB3 through it's input C and passes it on to HS.

Light Grey Mode 2
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
Same as for Light Grey Mode 1.

Light Blue Mode 2
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
1. Adj-V3 is switched such that coolant from the Water/Glycerol container is pumped by WP through input C of HTB3. It exits through output C and travels through Adj-V4. Adj-4 does not receive any coolant from ADV .

2. In order to preheat HCR-3, a small amount of coolant is passed through Adj-V3, ADV , the jacket of HCR-3, from where it joins with the output C of HTB3 at Adv-V5 and passed on through the jacket of the Jacket Pump (JP) and back to the Water/Glycerol container.

3. When the content of HCR-3 has reached the temperature of the Water/Glycerol and can exit the container, it collects the heat from the Water/Glycerol in HTB3 and passes it on to HS through Cmp-4, V1 and V2.

4. That means that the heat that was stored previously in the Water/Glycerol is being extracted and used again.

Purple Mode 2
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function
Same as for Purple Mode 1.

Dark Brown Mode 3
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
A. No external heat reaches the Back End through Cmp-P4.
Function:
None

Light Brown Mode 3
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
Same as for Light Brown Mode 2.

Light Grey Mode 3
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
Function:
Same as for Mode 1 and Mode 2, when the TBP1 path is turned off in this mode.

Light Blue Mode 3
Function:
Same as Mode 1 and Mode 2.

Purple Mode 3
Circuit State is B-In and B-Out switched OFF By Adj-V1 and Adj-V2:
A. The Burner compartment contains a portion of turbine propellant that can be heated.

B. Note that the exhaust of the Burner passes through the Water/Glycerol.

C.That allows an higher heat transfer ratio from the Burner into the system.

Function
1. The Burner is switched on and it heats up the turbine propellant, until it reaches the correct temperature.

2. The propellant is then released through Dir-V1 into the turbine chamber and out through the Jacket Pump (JP), Dir-V2, path TBP1 and B-V1 back to the burner chamber.

3. Heat is extracted in the Jacket Pump (JP), before it is returned to the burner chamber.

4. When the temperature of the Water/Glycerol is high enough, it is pumped around HTB3, where the heat is extracted and stored in HS.

5. When the temperature of HS is high enough, the system switches to Mode 2.

6. This mode tends to indicate that neither the Front End nor the Intermediate stage is required.

7. In the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn region, cooling and or low temperature heating is often required in stationary and mobile SHE environments.

8. For that reason the Front and Intermediate stages have been provided.

9. In order to program these functions correctly, the main controller should turn off all functions that belong to a specific mode for a few nano or micro seconds, before it switches to a new mode. That allows all the other modes to be call from any mode and terminated correctly and thereby avoid duplicate calls to the same function from different starting points.

10. No software execution time dependant intervals and switching times are allowed in these structures.

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Back End

Back End of a Solar Heat Engine (SHE)