Vehicle Heat Engine (VHE) Heat Storage (HS) (A 44 ton Truck Example) :
Energy Loss
1. Energy contained in 1 liter
Diesel Liquid Propane Gas Kerosene
9.7kWh 6.9kWh 10.35kWh
Vehicle Energy Storage
Further reference App. Diagram 9 above.
Modify the sizes to suit the application
Table 6
An alternative Heat Storage Material for Vehicles
See 5kW-150kW
Liquid Specific cp Energy
Propellant Pressure Temp. Heat (kWh/(kg * K))
Alcohol 22.92 bar 187°C 3.197kj/(kg.°K) 0.000888
The Heat Storage (HS) could contain 1/4m³ of lithium:
Lithium:
Latent Heat Storage: 422kJ/kg
Latent Heat Melting Point li: 181°C
Weight: 530kg/m³
Specific Heat: 3.6KJ/(kg.°K)
Thermal Conductivity: 71W/m
Latent Heat Storage m³ : Ql = (422kJ/kg * 530kg) = 223.67MJ = 223.67MJ/3600s = 62.128kWh
The Heat Storage (HS) could then contain 62.128kWh/4 = 15.28kWh @ 181°C - 186°C.
When the storage has melted and the battery is also charged, the fossil fuel heating power is reduced accordingly.
The method saves storing a large amount of heat and battery power, which results in smaller aggregate sizes, less energy losses and higher efficiency.
After all is said and done, distances in Africa are a lot longer than most other places in the world, therefore a cheaper method of moving from "A" to "B" is important.
As far as the use of alcohol is concerned, it can be noted here that all refrigeration systems everywhere use them.
Energy Loss
1. Energy contained in 1 liter
Diesel Liquid Propane Gas Kerosene
9.7kWh 6.9kWh 10.35kWh
Vehicle Energy Storage
Further reference App. Diagram 9 above.
Modify the sizes to suit the application
Table 6
An alternative Heat Storage Material for Vehicles
See 5kW-150kW
Liquid Specific cp Energy
Propellant Pressure Temp. Heat (kWh/(kg * K))
Alcohol 22.92 bar 187°C 3.197kj/(kg.°K) 0.000888
The Heat Storage (HS) could contain 1/4m³ of lithium:
Lithium:
Latent Heat Storage: 422kJ/kg
Latent Heat Melting Point li: 181°C
Weight: 530kg/m³
Specific Heat: 3.6KJ/(kg.°K)
Thermal Conductivity: 71W/m
Latent Heat Storage m³ : Ql = (422kJ/kg * 530kg) = 223.67MJ = 223.67MJ/3600s = 62.128kWh
The Heat Storage (HS) could then contain 62.128kWh/4 = 15.28kWh @ 181°C - 186°C.
When the storage has melted and the battery is also charged, the fossil fuel heating power is reduced accordingly.
The method saves storing a large amount of heat and battery power, which results in smaller aggregate sizes, less energy losses and higher efficiency.
After all is said and done, distances in Africa are a lot longer than most other places in the world, therefore a cheaper method of moving from "A" to "B" is important.
As far as the use of alcohol is concerned, it can be noted here that all refrigeration systems everywhere use them.
Maximizing the Fossil Fuel efficiency of a 44 ton Truck - Energy Recapture, Storage and Reuse
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| Function | value |
| Total original equivalent fossil energy input per 100km: 3kWh/km * 100km | 300kWh |
| From Power vs. Speed to drive at 154km/h instead of 50km/h requires: 154km/h/50km/h | 3 * more energy input |
| Assume 3 times as much again for a Truck: 3*3. | 9 |
| From (VHE) minimum electric power generator size 10.8kW/m. Peak energy for mountain roads using power from batteries: 10.8kW/m * 9 | 108kW |
|
From the 300kWh/100km of input fossil energy 33% + (1/2 * 33%) + (1/4 * 33%) is to be recapture, stored in (HS) and the battery for reused: |
58% |
| Based on the fixed distance of 100km 300kWh/100km * 0.58 is the estimated amount to be recaptured. | 174kWh/100km |
| Total amount in MJ: 174kWh * 3600s | 626.400MJ |
| 174kWh/2 stored after 50km | 87kWh/50km |
|
From Heat Storage Materials: 1m³ of molten NaNO2 + NaOh weights about 2181.1Kg/m³ and can store the 87kWh * 3600s within the 50km distance traveled at 50km/h |
303MJ |
| The energy collected within the second 50km distance of the 100km traveled at 50km/h will be passed to the turbine as heat and used to generate a charging current to charge the batteries with the energy collected over that distance, which is: | 87kWh |
|
Instant power is delivered by the batteries, therefore there will be plenty of power for hills when the electric power generator and the batteries are paired to drive the electric motors: With an 10kW electric power generator that can deliver 13kW from the fossil fuel burner or heat storage together with the battery storage there should be plenty of reserve energy available. Generator sizes: 10kw for busses and 5kw for cars and small utility vehicles (SUVs). In mountainous areas, slopes can be very long. Reduce the size of the Heat Storage (HS) and battery accordingly, so that smaller vehicles will have less, so called dead weight to carry. |
A SUV uses 22kWh of electric power to travel 100km at 50km/h |